At BD Biosciences have developed a unique vacuumgas plasma process used to produce tissue culture treated (TC) surfaces on BD Falcon TC vessels. Vessels are placed in a chamber where a partial vacuum is created, and a vacuum-gas plasma is fed into the chamber to create a number of negatively charged functional groups on the surface of the vessels. The enclosed, highly controlled environment ensures a pure and consistent surface treatment. The gases used to manufacture BD Primaria Cultureware contain both oxygen and ammonia, resulting in the incorporation in the treated surface of a variety of nitrogen-containing functional groups in addition to the negatively charged oxygen-containing groups found on traditional TC surfaces.